Academic Metadata Mirror Datasets

The following datasets aim to provide samples of our personal and academic data for Iraqi reseachers in the field of raw data processing (such as semantics, Big Data, NLP, and ML). You may use the data under GPL License provided by University of Babylon, The repository website provides detailed datasets as mirror to our actual data processing infrastructure. Accessing these collections with related metadata / without any XHTML is available directly by requesting our WCF service (make sure proper arguements are passed correctly). For more details, please contact our webmaster via admin@uobabylon.edu.iq

Medical Research Dataset in University of Babylon [JSON Data Format] click here

E-Learning Dataset for all University of Babylon Lecturers [HTML List Format] click here

Personal Dataset for all University of Babylon personnel management [PDF Fromat] click here

[Regular access in styled HTML can be visited via http://repository.uobabylon.edu.iq/papers/]

The following Dataset lists the content of our E-Learning repository available at: http://repository.uobabylon.edu.iq

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition4, Size366592
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Patellofemoral Joint and Contact Characteristic

    medicine4_22.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition4, Size220160
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Patterns of Pancytopenia According to the Cause in Babylon

    medicine4_23.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition4, Size189440
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Prevalence of Diabetes and Hypocalcemia among Thalassemic Patients in Thalassemia Center in Babylon Governorate

    medicine4_24.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition4, Size233984
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Prophylactic Administration of Vaginal Progesterone Reduces the Risk of Preterm Birth

    medicine4_25.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition4, Size188416
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Review of Wheezing in Children in Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital in Diwaniyah

    medicine4_26.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition4, Size142336
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Risk Factors for Development of Dehydration in Children Below Five Years with Acute Diarrhea

    medicine4_27.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition4, Size140288
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Risk Factors which Contribute to Malnutrition in Children in Babylon Hospital for Maternity and Children

    medicine4_28.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition4, Size137216
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Role of Repaglinide in Treatment of Secondary Sulphonylureas Failure

    medicine4_29.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition4, Size196608
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Serological Study of Toxocariasis in Children in Mosul Province

    medicine4_30.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition4, Size350208
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Shall we Keep Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs behind the Counter

    medicine4_31.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition4, Size162816
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Study of 40 Cases of Omphalocele

    medicine4_32.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition4, Size421376
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Study on Cysteine Proteinase Produced by Entamoeba Histolytica

    medicine4_33.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition4, Size159744
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Study on the Hypoglycemic Effect of Ficus carica L Leaves Aqueous Extract against Alloxan Induced Diabetes in Rabbits

    medicine4_34.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition4, Size123904
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Study the Relationship between 5 Nucleotidase Activity and Body Mass Index in Obese Individuals

    medicine4_35.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition4, Size198656
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Treatment of Ocular Manifistations of Behcets Disease with Interferon 2

    medicine4_36.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition4, Size587776
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Value of Cytobrush Technique in The Diagnosis of Oral Ulcerative Lesions

    medicine4_37.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size94720
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Chromosomal Abnormalities Associated with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortions in Iraqi Women

    medicine5_1.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size91136
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Comparison of The Bacteriology of Tonsills Surface and Core in Bacterial Profile Isolated from Children with Chronic Tonsillitis

    medicine5_2.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size103936
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Comparison of The Results of TTube Drainage Versus Choledochoduodenostomy after Open Common Bile Duct Exploration

    medicine5_3.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size571392
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Cortical and Gyral Thickness in Precentral and Postcentral Human Brain Cortex of Patient with Headache MRI Findings

    medicine5_4.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size111104
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Determination of Salbutamol by Spectrophotometric Method in Pure and Pharmaceutical Preparations Using Jones Oxidation

    medicine5_5.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size200192
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Dexamethasone-Induced Hiccups among Patients with Rheumatic and Musculoskelatal Disorderst

    medicine5_6.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size68608
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Esophageal atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula

    medicine5_7.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size63488
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Evaluated of Serum Glutathione and Malondialdehyde for Victims of Trauma

    medicine5_8.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size62464
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Evaluation of Alkaline Phosphatase and Catalase Activitites in Hemorrhoid Patients

    medicine5_9.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size350208
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Evaluation of AntiRubellaAntibodies Among Childbearing Age Women in Babylon Governorate

    medicine5_10.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size435712
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Evaluation of Epineural Repair of Acute Sciatic Nerve Injury

    medicine5_11.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size2564096
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Evaluation of Treatment of Neuronal Damage with Extracranial Magnetic Field in A Rabbit Model of Stroke

    medicine5_12.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size338944
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Experimental Work in Vascular Microsurgery

    medicine5_13.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size198144
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Femoral Shaft Fracture in Children Traction and Spica Casting Versus Immediate Spica Casting Clinical Comparative Study

    medicine5_14.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size95744
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Haemostasis During Tonsillectomy Silk Ligation Versus Bipolar Diathermy

    medicine5_15.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size112640
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Hepatic Toxicity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Those with Psoriasis taking Methotrexate Therapy

    medicine5_16.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size157696
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Irrational Self-Medication of Antibiotic in University of Kufa in Annajaf

    medicine5_17.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size1474048
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Diabetes Mellitus Echocardiographic Study

    medicine5_18.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size55808
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Microtonsile Bond Strength of The Pulp Chamber Dentine Treated with Different Bleaching Agents

    medicine5_19.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size39424
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Objective Structured Clinical Examination OSCE

    medicine5_20.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size76288
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Outcome Of Conservative Management Of Incomplete 1st Trimester Miscarriage Observational Study

    medicine5_21.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size80896
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Plasmid curing by using essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis

    medicine5_22.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size123904
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Prevalence of Frozen Shoulder in Diabetic Patients

    medicine5_23.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size6144000
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Progeria

    medicine5_24.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size72704
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury after Thyroid Surgery with

    medicine5_25.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size71680
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury after Thyroid Surgery with Routine Identification of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

    medicine5_26.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size70144
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Seasonal hair loss

    medicine5_27.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size99840
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Sensorineural Hearing Loss Associated with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media CSOM

    medicine5_28.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size114176
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C among Blood Donors in Babylon Governorate-Iraq

    medicine5_29.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size94208
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Short Stay Surgery; The Future For Total Near Total Thyroidectomy

    medicine5_30.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size68096
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Study of Some Purine Metabolic Enzymes in Sera of Patients with Renal Failure

    medicine5_31.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size493568
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Subclinical Keratoconus among Patients Visiting Hilla Laser Unit in Iraq

    medicine5_32.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size91648
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: The Association of Serum Androgen Levels with Preeclampsia

    medicine5_33.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size2826240
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: The Relationship between Testosterone Hormone and Lipid

    medicine5_34.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size120320
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: The Use of Chemically Treated Dermal Collagen Strips for Facial Suspension in Patients with Facial Palsy

    medicine5_35.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size78848
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: TTube Drainage VS Choledochoduodenostomy or preoperative ERCP for the Management of Intrabiliary Rupture of Hydatid Cyst of the Liver

    medicine5_36.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition5, Size385536
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Ultrasonography for Detecting Ureteric Calculi with Non Enhanced CT as a Reference Standard Prospective Study

    medicine5_37.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition6, Size94720
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Coblation Tonsillectomy Versus Traditional Tonsillectomy in Children

    medicine6_1.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition6, Size521216
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Comparative Evaluation of Saline –Sonograghy Hystro-Salpingograghy and Laprascopy in Determination of Tubal Patency

    medicine6_2.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition6, Size103424
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Correlation between the Level of Anti-Tissue Transglutinmase IgA and Marsh Classification in Celiac Disease

    medicine6_3.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition6, Size130048
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Effects of Iron Overload and Treatment Methods on Serum Levels of Zinc (Zn) and Cupper (Cu) in Beta Thalassemia Major (BTM) Patients

    medicine6_4.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition6, Size568832
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Extraction and Immobilization of Hemoysin A Produced by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

    medicine6_5.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition6, Size105984
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Gabapentin Therapy for Pruritus in Haemodialysis Patients

    medicine6_6.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition6, Size1031680
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: HER-2neu Expression in Colorectal Carcinoma and its Correlation with Pathological Parameters by Immunohistochemistery

    medicine6_7.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition6, Size1296384
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Immunohistochemical Study of CEA and BCL2 Expression in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma and its Correlation with Some Pathological Parameters

    medicine6_8.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition6, Size1084416
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Lower Esophageal and Gastroesophageal Junction Mucin Histochemical Changes in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

    medicine6_9.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition6, Size237568
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Pre and Post Haemodialysis The Effect of Electrolyte Imbalance on ECGs of Patients with End Stage Renal Disease.

    medicine6_10.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition6, Size102912
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Remote Correlation of Female Breast Carcinoma Treated by Mastectomy and Post Menopausal Bleeding Due to Endometrial Hyperplasia

    medicine6_11.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition6, Size2228224
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Repair of Traumatic Arteriovenous Fistula of 24 Years Duration

    medicine6_12.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition6, Size171520
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Role of AgNOR in Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions

    medicine6_13.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition6, Size138240
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Spirometric Changes in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

    medicine6_14.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition6, Size195584
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: The Evaluation of Low Level Laser Therapy Using the Diode Laser in Enhancement of Episiotomy Wound Healing

    medicine6_15.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition6, Size153088
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Ulcerogenic Effects of NSAIDs on Gastric Mucosa Comparison between Selective and Non-Selective Cox2 Inhibitors Indomethacin VS Rofecoxib

    medicine6_16.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition6, Size211968
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Value of Dukes Treadmill Score and Other Parameters to Predict Coronary Arterial Disease

    medicine6_17.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:nabo, Edition:edition3, Size805376
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: جمالية المنمنمات النبوية في فن التصوير الاسلامي

    publication3_10.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition6, Size385024
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Variability in Grading Lumbar Discs Degeneration on Magnetic Resonance Images

    medicine6_18.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition7, Size108544
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Comparison of Clinical Symptoms Plain Radiographs Coronal CT and Antral Lavage in Patients with Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis

    medicine7_1.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition7, Size238592
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Correlates of Current Cigarette Smoking Among InSchool Adolescents in Kut City

    medicine7_2.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition7, Size265728
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Dental Arch Dimensions of Patients with Class III Malocclusion of Iraqi Sample Aged 14_24

    medicine7_3.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition7, Size806400
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Dorsal Adipofascial Turnover Flap for Dorsal Defects of Finger Injury

    medicine7_4.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition7, Size75264
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Double Combination of Some Antibiotics Against Local Isolate of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA

    medicine7_5.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition7, Size135168
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Effects of Halothane Anesthesia on Patients with Abnormal Renal

    medicine7_6.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition7, Size9740288
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Evaluation of SETON as a surgical treatment of a High Fistula_in_Ano

    medicine7_7.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition7, Size124416
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate in Knee Osteoarthritis

    medicine7_8.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition7, Size4402176
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Impact of Contributing Factors that Effect Duodenal Ulcer Patients with Some Variables

    medicine7_9.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition7, Size113664
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Psychological Stress of Companions Care givers of Children in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

    medicine7_10.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition7, Size238592
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Sex Pheromone System and Plasmid Transfer in Enterococcus

    medicine7_11.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition7, Size120320
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Spirometric and Haemodynamic Changes after Therapeutic Thoracocentesis

    medicine7_12.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition7, Size738816
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Superficial Temporal Artery Aneurysm

    medicine7_13.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition7, Size189952
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: The Findings of Brain Computed Tomography in Neonatal Seizure

    medicine7_14.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:nabo, Edition:edition3, Size349696
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: مفهوم الإرادة عند شخصيات شكسبير التراجيدية

    publication3_12.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition7, Size291840
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Treatment of Recalcitrant Lichen Planus with Low Molecular Weight Heparin Enoxaparin A Case Series Study among Iraqi

    medicine7_15.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition7, Size84992
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Use of Dexamethasone to Minimize the Morbidity of Tonsillectomy

    medicine7_16.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition7, Size6781440
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Various Presentation of Myomas

    medicine7_17.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition8, Size2825216
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Antibacterial activity of Streptomyces Gelaticus Isolated from Iraqi Soils

    medicine8_1.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition8, Size174592
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Antibacterial Efficiency for Alcoholic extracted of Thymus vulgaris and Negilla sativa

    medicine8_2.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition8, Size503296
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanol Extracts of Propolis Antibiotics Combination on Bacterial and Yeast Isolates

    medicine8_3.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition8, Size1195520
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Bladder Preservation by Transurethral Resection and Radiotherapy in Invasive Bladder Cancer

    medicine8_4.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition8, Size150528
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Extracellular Products of Lactobacillus acidophilus as Probiotic Against Multi-drugs Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

    medicine8_5.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition8, Size262656
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Histopathological Study of Chronic Gastritis in GIT Center at Babylon

    medicine8_6.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition8, Size113152
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: In Spinal Metastases Spinal Percussion is Profiling As Predictor and a Red Flag in Patients Present with Back Pain

    medicine8_7.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition8, Size161792
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Iron Overload and Treatment Methods on Serum Levels of IgG IgM and IgA in Beta Thalassemia Major BTM Patients

    medicine8_8.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition8, Size357376
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: Molecular Investigation of Phylogeny Groups of Morganella morganii Isolated from Catheter Associated UTI

    medicine8_9.doc[^]

  • Associated Metadata: Catelogue:medicine, Edition:edition8, Size132608
    Description: Type: Journal, Title: part Electrocardiographic Criteria for Predicting Site of Coronary Artery Occlusion in Acute Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction

    medicine8_10.doc[^]

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Open data is the idea that some data should be freely available to everyone to use and republish as they wish, without restrictions from copyright, patents or other mechanisms of control. The goals of the open data movement are similar to those of other "open" movements such as open source, open hardware, open content, and open access. The philosophy behind open data has been long established (for example in the Mertonian tradition of science), but the term "open data" itself is recent, gaining popularity with the rise of the Internet and World Wide Web and, especially, with the launch of open-data government initiatives


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