The Y chromosome is becoming a useful tool for tracing human evolution through male lineages marker. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic structure in Babylon province in Iraq and evaluate the importance of these STRs loci for forensic genetic applications. FTA® Technology was utilized to extract DNA from blood collected on FTA™ paper. We have analyzed 17 Y chromosomal STR loci (DYS635, DYS437, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, YGATA H4, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS19, DYS391, DYS438, DYS390, DYS439, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385a and DYS385b) for evaluating allele frequencies and genetic diversity. A total of 94 unique haplotypes was identified among the one hundred individuals studied. The DYS456 had the highest diversity (GD = 0.752), while DYS392 locus had the lowest one (GD = 0.185). The light has been focused and directed in this study to establish the basic forensic genetic information, knowledge, data and statistics which might be so ultimately helpful practically in forensic science and criminology and to let evaluate and present the DNA weight evidences in Iraq medico-legal institute and courts of law.