Abstract : Background: Raisins are dried grapes, prepared from some varieties of grapes (Vitis
vinifera). The history of raisin consumption is very old.
Objective: An evaluation of Antibacterial activity of the extracts of black raisins and black
raisin vinegar against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis,
Streptococcus pneumonia, Streptococcus feacalis, Streptococcus mutanus, Streptococcus
feacalis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Moraxallia catarralis, Pseudomonas aeroginosa,
Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter spp. Acinetobacter, Serratias pp and
Candida albicance.
Methods: Two black raisins products were used to determine the antibacterial activity of black
raisins; crude aquatic extracts of dried black raisins, and the vinegar of dried black raisins. Agar
well diffusion method, biofilm inhibition test using tissue culture plate method, adherence and
swarming inhibition assays were done for estimation and evaluation of the antibacterial activity
of black raisins.
Results: Result showed that both the crude extract of black raisins and the vinegar of black
raisins have potential antibacterial activity. The results were determined by measuring the
inhibition zone, the inhibition of bacterial motility using swarming assay with all gradual
different concentrations of black raisins and the vinegar of black raisins (Pearson correlation
=0.9; P value ? 0.05, the inhibition of bacterial cell adherence to oral epithelial cells, quorum
sensing and biofilm formation.
Conclusions: Black Raisins and vinegar of black raisins exhibit marked antimicrobial activity
bacteria and fungicidal activity. They can inhibit motility, inhibit biofilm formation and inhibit
bacterial cell adherence to oral epithelial cells. Based on the results it can be concluded that
they can inhibit bacterial colonization and adherence to teeth and oral cavity, and provide
production against different human pathogens and this may have clinical relevance.
Keywords: Black Raisins, biofilm, bacterial adherence, swarming.