Association of IL-1? (-889) and TNF-? (-309) Gene Polymorphisms with Chronic Periodontitis in Hilla City
Doaa H.Hassan,1*Baha H Alamidi,2*Zainab M. Hameed3
1. Babylon University/Iraq
Abstract
Background: Periodontitis is a infectious disease leading to the destruction of periodontium including periodontal ligament and adjacent alveolar bone induced by periodontal pathogens biofilm. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 patients,50 with chronic periodontitis(CP)and 40 normal subjects0referring to the clinic of collage of Dentistry, Babylon University, Hilla0City,Iraq,were0evaluated,TNF-? and IL-1? genotyping was performed by PCR)and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel. Results: polymorphism of IL­1?(-889) and TNF?(-308), The0results showed that0there was no(significant)allele frequency)difference between(patients and)control groups. Conclusion: The current study suggest that there is no association between IL­1?(-889) and TNF-? 308 polymorphism and chronic periodontitis in this population.
Keywords: Periodontitis, IL¬1? (-889), TNF-? 308, Genetic Polymorphism, PCR.
Introduction

Periodontal-disease is a multifarious inflammatory illness affecting the tissue that surrounded and supported the teeth, periodontitis involved increasing damage of the alveolar bone round the teeth , and these affected teeth, if left without treatment ,may lead to increased mobility of these teeth,0and subsequent teeth loss [1,2,3,4].
Periodontitis is one of the most common diseases that caused by periodontal bacteria [5,6].Periodontal bacterial infection caused inflammatory host response.
Many specific bacteria that increased in sub gingival0plaque(predominantly0gram0negative0anaerobes)[7,8]in0addition0to0?ggregatibacter0actinomycetumcomitans,0Porphyromonas0gingivalis,Spirochaete,Treponema0denticola0and0Tannerella forsythensis0were the most common periodontal disease associated microorganisms[9,10,11,12].
Pathogenic0bacteris, various environmental risk factors,and genetics are also involved(in the)pathogenesis0ofthe0disease[13,14,15,16].
The immune response, activated by bacteria and their products accumulate in the gingival sulcus and mediate connective tissue destruction, 0while a large number of inflammatory mediators or biomarkers are created by numerous cellular elements.
These proinflammatory0mediators are generally known as cytokines. These cytokines, when are working together to modulate cellular actions; they are identified as cytokine networks and are sharing the innate immune system [17].
Cytokines are a varied and large family of soluble mediators including, interleukins colony-stimulating factors, growth factor, and cytotoxic factors.
0Cytokines play a major role in various biological activities such as differentiation, proliferation regeneration, development, repair0inflammation0and 0homeostasis [18, 19].
Proinflammatory0 cytokines have vital function in microbial-induced destructive inflammation which leads to initiate periodontal disease progression [20].
Kornman et al., Mc Devitt et al, they study the relationship between periodontal disease and polymorphisms of selected genes and from the time ,that the Gr