determination of alkaloid compounds of datura stramonium
using gc-ms and ftir and evaluation of its antibacterial,
antifungal and anti-diabetic activity
abeer fauzi al-rubaye1, ghaidaa jihadi mohammed2, imad hadi hameed3
1department of biology, college of science for women, university of babylon, hillah city, iraq,
2department of biology, college of science, university of al-qadisiyah, hillah city, iraq,
3biomedical science department, university of babylon, college of nursing, hillah city, iraq
abstract
the aim of this study is to assess the compounds of alkaloids extracts from the leaves of datura stramonium,
which can be the basis for the synthesis of new antibiotics. in this study, the alkaloid compounds of
datura stramonium have been evaluated. gc-ms analysis of alkaloid leaves ethanolic extract of datura
stramonium revealed the existence of the ethyl iso-allocholate, d-asycarpidan-1-methanol, acetate
(ester), 3-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)3a,10,10,12b-tetramethyl1,2,3,3a 4,6,8,9,10,10a,11,12,12a,12b-tetradecahydro
-benzo[4,5] cyclohept,2, 7-diphenyl-1,6-dioxopyridazino [4,5:2,3] pyrrolo[4,5-d] pyridazine,
3,8,8-trimethoxy-3-piperidyl-2,2-benaphthalene-1,1,4,4- tetrone, [5?] pregnane3,20?-diol,14?,18?-[4-
methyl,3-oxo-[1-oxa-4-azabutane-1,4-diyl], diacetate, 1-monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether, and
17-[1,5-dimethylhexyl]-10,13-dimethyl-3sstyrylhexadecahydrocyclopent a[a]phenathren-2-one. the ftir
analysis of datura stramonium leaves proved the presence of alkanes, and alkyl halide, amine, aldehyde,
and alkane which shows major peaks at 875.68, 1018.41, 1149.57, 1238.3, 1269.16, 1740.51, 2330.01,
2341.58, 2854.65, 2910.58, 2926.01, and 3010.88. clinical pathogens were selected for antibacterial
activity namely, bacillus subtilis, salmonella typhi, staphylococcus aureus, proteus mirabilis, escherichia
coli, streptococcus faecalis, streptococcus pyogenes and klebsiella pneumonia. datura stramonium has
maximum zone against staphylococcus aureus (5.895±0.20).
keywords: alkaloids, datura stramonium, gc-ms, bioactive, natural compounds.
corresponding author:
imad hadi hameed.
biomedical science department, university of
babylon, college of nursing, hillah city, iraq
phone number: 009647716150716
e-mail: imad_dna@yahoo.com
introduction
datura stramonium is annual herb, stem erect with
spreading branches above. common in the waste land,
fields and gardens in baghdad district. leaves, seeds and
roots contain the alkaloid daturine (amixture of the two
alkaloids hyoscyamine and atropine) and also contains
scopolamine alkaloid (hyosine) acids, tannin and fatty
oil. plants are rich source of secondary metabolites with
interesting biological activities. several plant products
have been shown to exert a protective role against the
formation of free radicals and playing a beneficial role
in maintaining disease condition. very few of these
chemicals are toxic also. the main toxic alkaloids in d.
stramonium are the tropane alkaloids of which atropine
(dl-hyoscyamine) and scopolamine (l-hyoscine).
atropine and scopolamine are competitive antagonists
of muscarinic cholinergic receptors and are central
nervous system depressants. intentional poisoning with
d. stramonium has also been reported in several cases,
namely a fatal poisoning with d. stramonium for its mind
altering properties and the eating and chewing of datura
in a suicides attempt. the toxicity of d. stramonium
in grazing animals have been suspected by livestock
owners and field veterinarians especially at time of
drought or after ingesting freshly harvested maize that
will be used for ensiling and heavily contaminated with
doi number: 10.5958/0976-5506.2018.00237.1
364 indian journal of public health research & development, march 2018, vol. 9, no. 3
young d. stramonium. successful extraction is largely
dependent on the type of solvent used in the extraction
procedure. the aims of our study were determination of
chemical compounds and evaluation of antimicrobial
activity.
material and method
collection and preparation of plant material
in this research, datura stramonium leaves were
dried at room temperature for fifteen days and the fine
powder was then packed in airtight container to avoid the
effect of humidity and then stored at room temperature.
gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy
(gc-ms) and fourier transform infrared
spectrophotometer (ftir) analysis
gc-ms analysis of the ethanol extract of datura
stramonium was carried out using a (agilent 7890a series,
usa). the powdered sample of datura stramonium was
treated for ftir spectroscopy (shimadzu, ir affinity 1,
japan). the sample was run at infrared region between
400 nm and 4000 nm.
determination of antimicrobial activity of crude
bioactive compounds of datura stramonium
antimicrobial activity was evaluated by measuring
the zone of inhibition against the test microorganisms.
methanol was used as solvent control. amphotericin b
and fluconazole were used as reference antifungal agent.
the tests were carried out in triplicate 27,28.
table 1. compounds present in the alkaloid extract of datura stramonium using gc-ms analysis.
molecular
weight
alkaloid compound formula
serial
no.
c 436 26h44o5 1. ethyl iso-allocholate
c 326 20h26n2o2 2. d-asycarpidan-1-methanol, acetate (ester)
c 410 30h50
3-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)3a,10,10,12b-tetramethyl1,2,3,3a4,6,8,9,10,10a,
11,12,12a,12b-tetradecahydro-benzo[4,5]
cyclohept
3.
c 355 20h13n5o2 4. 2,7-diphenyl-1,6-dioxopyridazino[4,5:2,3] pyrrolo[4,5-d]pyridazine
c 487 28h25no7 5. 3,8,8-trimethoxy-3-piperidyl-2,2-benaphthalene-1,1,4,4-tetrone
c 489 28h43no6
[5?]pregnane3,20 ?-diol,14?,18?-[4-methyl,3-oxo-[1-oxa-4-azabutane-
1,4-diyl], diacetate
6.
c 498 27h54o4si2 7. 1-monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether
c 488 35h52o
17-[1,5-dimethylhexyl]-10,13-dimethyl-3-sstyrylhexadecahydrocyclopenta[
a]phenathren-2-one
8.
table 2. fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic profile solid analysis of datura stramonium.
group
frequency
functional group
assignment
type of
type of bond vibration
intensity intensity
peak (wave
no. number cm-?)
1. 875.68 80.625 strong =c–h bending alkenes 650-1000
2. 1018.41 63.965 strong c-f stretch alkyl halides 1000-1400
3. 1149.57 78.454 strong c-f stretch alkyl halides 1000-1400
4. 1238.30 80.981 medium c–n stretch amine 1080-1360
5. 1269.16 82.412 medium c–n stretch amine 1080-1360
6. 1740.51 78.294 strong c=o stretch aldehyde 1720-1740
indian journal of public health research & development, march 2018, vol. 9, no. 3 365
7. 2330.01 69.882 unknown - - - -
8. 2341.58 67.959 unknown - - - -
9. 2358.94 60.564 unknown - - - -
10. 2854.65 83.811 strong c-h stretch alkane 2850-3000
11. 2910.58 83.384 strong c-h stretch alkane 2850-3000
12. 2926.01 80.163 strong c-h stretch alkane 2850-3000
13. 3010.88 85.603 medium =c-h stretch aldehyde 2820-2850
results and discussion
gc-ms analysis of alkaloid compound clearly
showed the presence of eight compounds. the
alkaloid compound, formula, molecular weight
and exact mass present in table 1. chromatogram
gc-ms analysis of the ethanol extract of datura
stramonium showed the presence of eight major peaks
and the components corresponding to the peaks were
determined ethyl iso-allocholate, d-asycarpidan-1-
methanol, acetate (ester), 3-(1,5-dimethyl-hexyl)3a,10,
10,12b- tetramethyl1,2,3,3a 4,6,8,9,10,10a,11,12,12a,
12b-tetradec- ahydro -benzo[4,5] cyclohept,2,
7-diphenyl-1,6-dioxopyridazino [4,5:2,3] pyrrolo
[4,5-d] pyridazine, 3,8,8-trimethoxy-3-piperidyl-2,2-
benaphthalene-1,1,4,4- tetrone, [5?] pregnane3,20?-
diol,14?,18?-[4-methyl,3-oxo-[1-oxa-4-azabutane-1,4-
diyl], diacetate, 1-monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl
ether, and 17-[1,5-dimethylhexyl]-10,13-dimethyl-
3sstyrylhexadecahydrocyclopent a[a]phenathren-2-
one. the ftir analysis of datura stramonium leaves
proved the presence of alkanes, and alkyl halide,
amine, aldehyde, and alkane which shows major
peaks at 875.68, 1018.41, 1149.57, 1238.3, 1269.16,
1740.51, 2330.01, 2341.58, 2854.65, 2910.58, 2926.01,
and 3010.88 table 2. in the current study, the antimicrobial
activity of datura stramonium methanolic
extract was evaluated by determining the zone of
inhibition against five bacteria and fourteen fungi and
yeast. clinical pathogens were selected for antibacterial
activity namely, bacillus subtilis, salmonella typhi,
staphylococcus aureus, proteus mirabilis, escherichia
coli, streptococcus faecalis, streptococcus pyogenes
and klebsiella pneumonia. datura stramonium
has maximum zone against staphylococcus aureus
(5.895±0.20) figure 1. antifungal activities against
saccharomyces cerevisiae, trichoderma horzianum,
penicillium expansum, aspergillus niger, aspergillus
cont... table 2. fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic profile solid analysis of datura stramonium.
terreus, candida albicans, trichoderma viride, and
microsporum canis. datura stramonium was very highly
active against aspergillus terreus (6.98±0.20) figure
2. in comparison to the antibiotics used in this study,
the plants extracts were far more active against the test
bacterial strains. however, further studies are needed,
including toxicity evaluation and purification of active
antibacterial constituents from datura stramonium
extracts looking toward a pharmaceutical use.
conclusion
eight chemical alkaloids constituents have been
identified from methanolic extract of the datura
stramonium by gas chromatogram mass spectrometry
(gc-ms). in vitro antibacterial evaluation of datura
stramonium forms a primary platform for further
phytochemical and pharmacological investigation for the
development of new potential antimicrobial compounds.
financial disclosure: there is no financial
disclosure.
conflict of interest:none to declare.
ethical clearance: these experiments were
carried out in accordance with approved guidelines
and all protocols were approved under the department
of biology, college of science for women, hillah city,
iraq.
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