Abstract  Background: The most common male infertility factors include azoospermia and oligospermia. Oligospermia refers to sperm densities of less than twenty million sperm per milliliter. In about 90% of cases of oligospermia, the reason is deficient sperm production. Unfortunately, in about 90% of cases the cause can not be identified and the condition is labeled idiopathic oligospermia.  

The aim  of present  study is to show  the possible  changes in the level of PSA in serum and seminal plasma of oligospermic patients and compare to that of control group.Methods:  Between March 2004 and December 2004 , a total of 36 subjects were studied in the infertility clinic in Al-Elwiya s teaching hospital. Single measurements of PSA were carried out in the serum and seminal plasma samples obtained from 15 apparently healthy normal fertile male used as controls and 21oligospermic patients. The PSA was determined by ELISA.  

  
Results: The mean age of cases group was 35.2±4.9 years while The mean age of control group was 34±5.2 years. The mean serum PSA concentration in cases and control groups was 2.5 ng/ml, showed no obvious or statistically significant differences between cases and controls. The mean seminal plasma PSA concentration of oligospermic patients was 2.1±0.8 mg/ml and 2.7±0.7 mg/ml among healthy controls which show obvious or statistically significant differences between cases and controls(p<0.05). The serum PSA concentration showed insignificant correlation with seminal plasma measurements among healthy control and cases groups.  

 Conclusions: The seminal plasma PSA is reduced in oligospermic patients and this may be due to decrease secretion of PSA from prostatic cells into seminal fluid so it might be considered as parameter in male infertility diagnosis.