عنوان البحث(Papers / Research Title)
Normo Hyper and Extreme Hypercomplementemia in Human Chronic Periodontitis
الناشر \ المحرر \ الكاتب (Author / Editor / Publisher)
بهاء حمدي حكيم العميدي
Citation Information
بهاء,حمدي,حكيم,العميدي ,Normo Hyper and Extreme Hypercomplementemia in Human Chronic Periodontitis , Time 15/04/2015 14:40:10 : كلية طب الاسنان
وصف الابستركت (Abstract)
baha alamiedi Ibrahim MSShnawa periodontites Hypercomplementemia & Normocomplentemia
الوصف الكامل (Full Abstract)
Normo Hyper and Extreme Hypercomplementemia in Human Chronic Periodontitis Ibrahim M. S. Shnawa1, Baha H. H. Alamiedi2, Zainab M. H. Al Fatlawy3 1College of Biotechnology, University of Kasim , Kasim , Babylon / IRAQ 2Department of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Babylon , Babylon / IRAQ 3Department of Oral Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Babylon , Babylon / IRAQ Email address: ishnawa@yahoo.com (I. M. S. Shnawa) To cite this article: Ibrahim M. S. Shnawa, Baha H. H. Alamiedi, Zainab M. H. Al Fatlawy. Normo Hyper and Extreme Hypercomplementemia in Human Chronic Periodontitis. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences. Special Issue: Advances in Oral Immunity. Vol. 3, No. 4-1, 2015 Abstract: Fourty-Nine chronic periodontitis patients were diagnosed by the dentist of the team. Of which 27 were generalized chronic and the other 22 were localized chronic periodontitis. Ten subjects with normal mouth hygienewere considered as controls. Blood,and saliva samples were collected from both of the test patients and controls. Sera, saliva and salivary proteins were subjected to C3 and C4 determinations using ready made plates ofradial immunodiffusion in gel containing anti-C3 and anti-C4 antibodies. Generalized chronic periodontitis patients were showing higher C3 levels than localized chronic periodontitis patients. Both of thedisease forms were of higher C3 and C4 levels than controls. Females have lower C3 levels than male chronic periodontitis patients. C4 levels were slightly increased than normal control levels. Male C4 levels approximate female levels. Four cases ofC3 and C4 hypercomplementemia in each of the disease forms.One extremecombinedC3 and C4 hypercomplementemia in the generalized form and one extreme C4 hypercomplementemiawas noted in the localized form. Thus, normo, hyper and extreme hypercomplementemia C3 and C4 were noted among chronic periodontitis patients. These hypercomplementemia cases are secondary non-genetic, infection and /or inflammation induced. Keywords: Chronic, Complement C3 and C4, Localized
1. Introduction Today, insight to the immune system is functional in its attitude. In thjis attitude, immune system may be expressed as triportate system having; Natural (Innate), cross-road and adaptivefunctions [1, 2]. Structurally speaking, however, it consist of ;Lymphoid component, Haemopoietic component, mononuclear phagocyte component, Complement component and genetic component [3]. Among which, complement system [1] in its functional sense occupy an immune crossroad function [4]. Since it takes partboth in natural and adaptive immunity [4].Complement system has three activation pathways, namely, the classical, the properidin and the lectin pathways. The classical pathway,almost operates in adaptive immunity [3, 4]. During adaptive responses there is continual activation for the classical pathway mediated by eitherand/ or inflammation. Such activation may lead to either excessive activation outcomes or to downregulation that might causing pathologic conditions [5]. In chronic infection state like periodontitis, in which the infectious agent and its own specific antibodies forms complexes deposited inthe gum, periodontal tissues as well as the stomium melliue in general. The C3 and C4 levels in the gum and periodontal tissue approximate 1/25 or 1/3 that of circulating levels, besides the difficulty in their detection due to either rapid degradation or immune complexdeposition [6, 7]. The aim of the present work was to report on hyper and extreme hypercomplementemia in chronic periodontitis patients. 2. Main Body Fourty-Nine chronic periodontitis patients were diagnosed by the dentist in the team. Of which 27 were generalized form and 27 were localized form. Ten normal mouth hygiene subjects were elected for the study ascontrols [8, 9]. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences2015; 3(4-1): 4-6 5 Blood(without anticoagulant) and saliva samples were collected as in [10]. Salivary proteins were separated as in [10, 11]. Sera, saliva and salivary proteins were subjected to C3 and C4 determinations using ready made plates of radial immunodiffusion in gel containing anti-C3 and C4 antibodies [12]. Biometery was performed as in [13]. 3. Results and Discussion There were elevations of the serum C3 concentration mean values that ranged from 1. 5 to 2 folds than that of controls. Males have higher mean values than females Table 2. There was an age group-wise variations in C3 concentration meansTable 3. The C3 herd plotwasof normal distribution curve, patients were showing; low moderate and high C3 responders Figure 1. The overallC4 concentration means were presented in Table 3. Males approximate or slightly higher than female periodontitis patients.Combined C3 and C4 hypercomplementemia were found as three cases among the generalizedform of the diseaseand asfour cases among the localized form of the disease. One case of extreme hyper complementemia in each of the disease forms Table 4. Whole saliva preparations and salivary protein preparations were found tobe C3 and C4 negativein the test patients and controls. The C3 herd plot as well as the complement response patterns as low, moderate and high among periodontitis patients can act as a probe of herd immunity among periodontitispatients in this area Figure 1. [14]. The absence of C3 and C4 complement components can either due to rapid degradation of complement by gum tissue micro - environmental enzyme activities. Or due to immune complex deposition in the periodontal tissues [15, 16, 17, 18, 19] Single C3, C4 and combined C3-C4 hypercomplementemias can be attributed to the continual exposure to the periodontal bacterial pathogens or to their antigens alone or together with epitope-paratope-complement complexes. Another, possibility of physiological nature that might be the cause, which is the replenishing responses toan in situerapid complement catabolism [4, 20, 21] Blood(without anticoagulant) and saliva samples were collected as in [10]. Salivary proteins were separated as in [10, 11]. Sera, saliva and salivary proteins were subjected to C3 and C4 determinations using ready made plates of radial immunodiffusion in gel containing anti-C3 and C4 antibodies [12]. Biometery was performed as in [13]. 3. Results and Discussion There were elevations of the serum C3 concentration mean values that ranged from 1. 5 to 2 folds than that of controls. Males have higher mean values than females Table 2. There was an age group-wise variations in C3 concentration meansTable 3. The C3 herd plotwasof normal distribution curve, patients were showing; low moderate and high C3 responders Figure 1. The overallC4 concentration means were presented in Table 3. Males approximate or slightly higher than female periodontitis patients.Combined C3 and C4 hypercomplementemia were found as three cases among the generalizedform of the diseaseand asfour cases among the localized form of the disease. One case of extreme hyper complementemia in each of the disease forms Table 4. Whole saliva preparations and salivary protein preparations were found tobe C3 and C4 negativein the test patients and controls. The C3 herd plot as well as the complement response patterns as low, moderate and high among periodontitis patients can act as a probe of herd immunity among periodontitispatients in this area Figure 1. [14]. The absence of C3 and C4 complement components can either due to rapid degradation of complement by gum tissue micro - environmental enzyme activities. Or due to immune complex deposition in the periodontal tissues [15, 16, 17, 18, 19] Single C3, C4 and combined C3-C4 hypercomplementemias can be attributed to the continual exposure to the periodontal bacterial pathogens or to their antigens alone or together with epitope-paratope-complement complexes. Another, possibility of physiological nature that might be the cause, which is the replenishing responses toan in situerapid complement catabolism [4, 20, 21] Figure 1. Serum C3 herd plot of chronic periodontitis patients Table 1. The study patients Number of patients Entity Male Female Total -Generalized chronic periodontitis 17 10 27 -Localized chronic periodontitis 15 7 22 Total 32 27 49 Table 2. C3 concentrations mean in the seraofperiodontitis patients Mean C3 concentrations (mg/dl) Entity Male Female Total Generalized chronic 175. 57 171. 22 173. 34 Localized chronic 180. 19 134. 44 157. 67 Control 106. 6 90. 95 98. 5 Total 178. 19 152. 3 165. 51 Table 3. C4 concentrations means in sera of periodontitis patients C4 concentrations (mg/dl) Entity Male Female Total Generalized chronic 51. 4 47. 51 49. 31 Localized chronic 49. 2 47. 41 48. 8 Control 31. 08 33. 3 32. 19 Total 50. 15 47. 46 48. 8 Table 4. Hypercomplementemia inperiodontitis patients sera Concentration in mg/dl Hypercomplementemia Type Chronicperiodontitis type C3 C4 197. 4 50. 3 Generalized Combined 192. 4 50. 8 Extreme combined 203. 2 61. 4 - 50. 5 Single 197. 4 - 197. 4 50. 3 Combined Localized 197. 4 51. 4 197. 4 57. 4 Extreme combined 198 61. 8 4. Conclusions 1-Chronic periodontitis is associated with rise in C3 and C4 levels. 2-Normo, hyper and extreme hypercomplementemia were noted among periodontitis patients 3-C3 levels may be of use as a probe for herd immunity among periodontitis patients. Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank, department of biology, college of science, department basic science, department of oral medicine college of dentistry, Babylon University for help extended by them during the conduction of this work. 6 Ibrahim
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