Introduction
Removal of heavy metals such as lead, manganese, and copper from aqueous solution is necessary because of
the frequent appearance of these metals in waste streams from many industries, including electroplating, metal
finishing, metallurgical, tannery, chemical manufacturing, mining textile wastewaters and battery manufacturing.
This problem has received considerable attention in recent years, primarily due to the concern that those heavy
metals in waste streams can be readily adsorbed by marine animals and directly enter the human food chain, thus
presenting a high health risk to consumers [1]. Lead adversely affects red blood cells, the nervous system and the
kidneys. Symptoms of manganese poisoning are hallucinations, forgetfulness and nerve damage, also Manganese
can cause both toxicity and deficiency symptoms in plants. When the pH of the soil is low manganese
deficiencies are more common. Soluble copper compounds form the largest threat to human health. Usually
water-soluble copper compounds occur in the environment after release through application in agriculture.