عنوان البحث(Papers / Research Title)
Frequency and Antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from oral and topical medicaments from Hilla, Iraq
الناشر \ المحرر \ الكاتب (Author / Editor / Publisher)
علاء هاني حسن الجراخ
Citation Information
علاء,هاني,حسن,الجراخ ,Frequency and Antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from oral and topical medicaments from Hilla, Iraq , Time 5/17/2011 11:09:04 PM : كلية الطب
وصف الابستركت (Abstract)
انتشار المقاومة للمضادات الحياتية للبكتريا المعزولة من بعض العقاقير الفموية والموضعية
الوصف الكامل (Full Abstract)
Frequency and Antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from oral and topical medicaments from Hilla, IraqAlaa H. Al-Charrakh
Abstract:
Introduction:
The presence of microorganisms in pharmaceuticals is undesirable because they may cause spoilage of the product and may present an infection hazard to the consumers or patients. Several cases of infections caused by the administration of non-sterile medicaments with micro-organisms have been reported. The probability of infection depends on a number of factors including the type of microorganism, the numbers present, the route of infection, and the health status of the host. According to these findings, many developed countries have adopted microbiological standards as well as the application of good manufacturing practices in order to guarantee the hygienic quality of the non-sterile medicaments.
Methodology: A total of 102 samples of oral and topical non-sterile pharmaceutical products were collected at random from different specialties that are available in Iraq, to investigate the microbial contamination of these products. Bacterial isolates recovered from these medicaments were subjected to susceptibility testing against various antibiotics by disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards (CLSI) guidelines.
Results: The results revealed that the occurrence of Gram-positive bacteria was in oral and topical medicaments while Gram-negative bacteria were only detected in topical medicaments. More than 58 % of Bacillus isolates were resistant to Lincomycin and Bacillus mycoides isolates were resistant to ?-lactams and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Staphylococcus spp. showed a relatively high resistance to Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Penicillin, Tetracycline, and SXT. S. epidermidis had the highest number of multi- resistant isolates. 87.5% of isolated Gram-negative rods showed high resistance to ?-lactam antibiotics and 75 % of them were highly resistant to Erythromycin. One isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most resistant among them.
Conclusion: The high rate of resistance to antimicrobial agents of bacterial isolates recovered from oral and topical medicaments in this study may indicate a widespread antibiotic resistance among bacteria isolated from different sources, including that of anthropological and environmental origin.
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