عنوان البحث(Papers / Research Title)
Effect of Fasciola gigantica Infection on Some Blood Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of Infected Cows in Babylon Governorate
الناشر \ المحرر \ الكاتب (Author / Editor / Publisher)
احمد محمد عباس الموسوي
Citation Information
احمد,محمد,عباس,الموسوي ,Effect of Fasciola gigantica Infection on Some Blood Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of Infected Cows in Babylon Governorate , Time 5/20/2011 1:20:53 PM : كلية طب الاسنان
وصف الابستركت (Abstract)
This study was carried out to reveal the Epidemicity of Fasciola gigantica infection in cows and heifers in Babylon
الوصف الكامل (Full Abstract)
Effect of Fasciola gigantica Infection on Some Blood Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of Infected Cows in Babylon GovernorateLeka O. Al-Quraishy * Ahmed M. Al-Moussawi *** College of Medicine, University of Babylon** College of Dentistry, University of BabylonPublication : (2006) Journal of Babylon University (Vol. 13. No.3): 1117-1123
Abstract:This study was carried out to reveal the Epidemicity of Fasciola gigantica infection in cows and heifers in Babylon Province and its effects on some blood physiological and biochemical aspects. The results show the following:The percentage of cows and heifers infected with F. hepatica during the study period reached about 50% and the percentage of infection increased significantly with age progress (P<0.05).The total count of R.B.C. and Hb of infected animals were decreased significantly which is reached 4.3700 cell/mm3 and 8.592 mg/100ml, alternatively as compared with those of healthy animals which is reached 5.515 cell/mm3 and 11.427 mg/100ml (P<0.05). Significant increases were noticed in the total count and differential counts of W.B.C. of infected animals which is reached 10.402 cell/mm3 as compared with uninfected animals which is reached 5.515 cell/mm3.The amount of ALP, T. Bilirubin and GOT enzymes in the infected animals which are increased reached 30.362U/L, 62.925 mol/L and 17.412U/L, alternatively. However, GPT enzyme was not affected.Introduction:The infection with liver flukes is worldwide. It infect both human and animals . the disease is caused by important species such as Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica .There are high infection percentages with this parasites in sheeps and nanny goats in Iraq at last years ( Al Taae, 1983; Makawy , 1989; Al Dabag , 1997) . Also it infect cows , pigs and rabbits in addition to man (Talon, 1994; Ovington, 1998; Kojima, 1998 ) this infections causes liver inflammation , hepatocyte fibrosis , sever anemia and changes in blood enzymes and proteins (Sinclair, 1964; Makawy , 1989 ) . The infection of ruminants with the parasite F. gigantica is a cause of important economic loss throughout Asia and Africa. The disease causes weight loss, reduced productivity and poor milk production.Due to bad conditions in Iraq at last little years caused by wars and economic blockages leading to absence of drugs and agricultural exterminators and visible ignoring to breeding of animal wealth also never treating of diseases and parasitic infections such as liver flukes. Materials and Methods:From visiting of the central butchery in Babylon Province from September 2004 to March 2005, (97) cows and heifers livers (aged from 6 months to 5 years) were collected and tested to detect the parasite infection through sectioning of bile ducts .The diagnosis of species of F. gigantica was down depending on worm size and shape in addition to confirming the diagnosis the worms sent to Veterinary College / Baghdad University for diagnosis.The blood specimens was collected from the animals before the butchering and placed in both heparinized and non heparinized tubes (Schaim et al., 1972).The blood physiological and biochemical testes was don as follows:1- Red Blood Cells Count: R.B.C. count was made according to Hall and Malia (1984).2- Hemoglobin Assessment: By using of HB Meter and depending on Sood (1992).3- White Blood Cells Count: W.B.C. count was made according to Brown (1976).4- Differential Leukocytes Count: D. L. count was down By making of blood smears and depending on Brown (1976).5- Serum GPT and GOT Assessment: S. GPT and GOT were determine consistent with Randox Co. kit .6- Serum Bilirubin Assessment: S. B. was determine consistent with Biomacrib Co. kit .7- Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Assessment: S. ALP was determine consistent with Biomacrib Co. kit .Statistical AnalysisChi square test, and analysis of variance (Campbell, 1967) were employed for the statistical analysis. Results:1- Infection percentThe total infection percentage of cows with F. gigantica is 50% divided into 31.7% for males and 64.2% for females with. Significant differences were noticed (P? 0.05) Table (1).2- Effect of the infection with F. gigantica on some blood physiological and biochemical parameters.Table (2) show significant decreasing (P? 0.05) in total R.B.C. (4.3700 cell/mm3) and Hb value (8.592 mg/100ml ) in infected animals in comparison with non infected animals total R.B.C. and Hb value were (5.515 cell/mm3) and (11.427 mg/100ml ) . Total W.B.C. (10.402 cell/mm3) show significant increasing in infected animals in comparison with non infected animals (5.515 cell/mm3). The number of Eosinophile (7.178%) increased significantly (P? 0.05) in infected animals .There are no changes in numbers of lymphocytes, neutrophiles and monocytes in both infected animals and non infected animals (table 3).The results in table (4) show significant increasing (P? 0.05) in S.T.B. (30.362 mol/L), S.A.L.P. (62.925 U/L) and S.G.O.T. (17.4125 U/L) in infected animals in comparison with non infected animals.There is no change in S.G.P.T. in both infected animals and non infected animals. Discussion:The infection percentage of cows with F. gigantica (50%) was high (table 1). increasing number of infected animals due to the grazing of this animals in contaminated areas with snails such as Lymnea spp. That represents the intermediate host for F. gigantica. Also there is no controlling for these snails in these areas, In addition to absence of persons knowledge how work in cows breeding (Petalia, 2000).The blood physiological testes show decreasing in R.B.C. and H.B. while number of W.B.C. was increased significantly (table 2). These results agreed with Makawy (1989) and Abood (1992).This parasite infection causes anemia due to some reasons such as mechanical injuries of worms migration in liver tissue causing intensive bleeding, in chronic infection anemia caused by parasite blood sucking, removing of epithelium lining bile duct (Makawy ,1989; Abood ,1992) .Dargie and Berry (1978) pronounced that anemia in infected animals resulting from haemodilution, intrahepatic hemorrhage and Billiary hemorrhage.Anemia occurred because of iron massive utilization by animal body to restitution missed iron and intestine unable for absorption iron again (Dargie, 1975; Dargie and Mulligen, 1970).The reasons of R.B.C. deficiency are bleeding and insufficient of bon marrow responding to new R.B.Cs. formation because of the infection in addition to sucking of 0.2 ml of blood daily by worms and bleeding of 0.5 ml of blood daily in muscles also flow of immature R.B.C. to the circulatory system (Ali, 1984; Abass, 1980; Sewell and Hammond, 1968).Increasing of Eosinophiles in infected cows in comparison with non infected others (table 3) resulting from ability of Eosinophiles to destroy the parasites larval stages by their attachment on parasite wall and secretion of granules act in external parasite wall destructing (Roberts, 1968; Al-Zubaidy, 1989; Al-Kubassie, 1996) .In general the increasing of leukocytes due to cellular immunity as responding of cells that able to attached antigens and encircle it, finally digest it by phagocytsosis in addition to lymphocyte activity such as T- lymphocyte and plasma cell (Maclaren and Lacani, 1982; Tizard, 1987).The results in table (4) show increasing of S.G.O.T. that agreed with Ross et al. 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